Arguments For and Against Online Music Sharing

Arguments For and Against Online Music Sharing In this report, I am going to outline the arguments for and against the unauthorized sharing of music on the internet. I will outline the strengths and weaknesses of unauthorised sharing of music on the internet, using evidence which I will discuss and summarise.As music has begun to circulate in various material forms, it has become more of a commodity, as it has become more transportable. A large part of this is the use of the internet to share and download music in the form of files. The information market regime, a theory evolved by Weick (1995), suggests that a market information regime conveys the impression that the information gathered by the music industry is valid and very important, and that its availability creates demand for its use in interpreting the market. I will touch on this point further in this report.I will also touch on several resources, both textbook and internet based, which outline theories, practices and articles in relation to the evolution, distribution and contestation of sharing music online. Â  Advantages of Sharing Music Although there are few advantages of sharing music online, Caves (2001, p.6) suggests that due to the infinite variety of the nature of the creative industries, the multidimensional quality of cultural products makes it hard to predict what audiences will like. Its multidimensional nature means that it is valued in a variety of ways by listeners across different places and is modified by musicians in new ways. This means that although unauthorised music sharing can make it difficult to log and track patterns in the market and predict what audiences will like, it does not hinder this process as it is already difficult to measure the market and its demands. Although there are difficulties in predicting cultural taste, pre-testing may be used. In terms of the music market, pre-testing is a form of research carried out before production is complete and major resources have been committed (Banks, Barnett and Mahendran, 2012). With music pre-testing, a single song from an album may be shared with a select audience to review and give feedback. This means that the song may be shared across a wider audience by unauthorised means, however, as no major resources have been committed, the musicians do not lose profit and their reputation may grow because of the song being shared. By having a wide range, the chances are that the albums produced will become hits, meaning that these will more than cover the costs lost by unauthorised music sharing. Despite internet based forms of distribution meaning that music becomes shared illegally, it also means that the information regime is transformed as music companies can gain more direct knowledge of the market through their own download websites and websites that allow music audiences to post information about music tastes, such as what they like and dislike (Walsh and Mitchell, 2010). The article written by Miller (2012) says that lots of people seemingly dont have any problem with downloading pirated music. In fact, 70% of online users say they find nothing wrong with online piracy, and 63% of users admit to doing some illegal downloading. So, while music piracy may be illegal, its socially accepted. This suggests that although piracy is illegal, it has become more socially acceptable, despite the risks of websites being closed and frequent users facing bans. Â  Disadvantages of Sharing Music There are many disadvantages of the unauthorised sharing of music on the internet. As music has begun to circulate in various material forms, it has become more of a commodity, thus has become more portable. A large part of this is the use of the internet to share and download music in the form of files. However, music is being shared by unauthorised internet users and websites which can have detrimental consequences. For example, it is difficult to measure market trends in the creative industry, which means that recorded music turns over quickly and must be measured by trends in existing sales by logging both physical and virtual sales. These markets are characterised by uncertainty, meaning that commercial activity is shaped by the need to predict and manage this uncertain demand. This can be tricky if music is being shared in an unauthorised way as it means that the music trends recorded will not be accurate so may hinder actual music sales. Baharat and Peterson (2000) suggest that the information generated by this market research reflects existing tastes and helps to construct the market. The information market regime, a theory evolved by Weick (1995), suggests that a market information regime conveys the impression that the information is valid and very important, and that its accessibility creates demand for its use in understanding the market. However, this suggests that information regimes typically take the form of sales reports, and hot selling items, which makes this predict and provide method invalid due to music being shared in an unauthorised way online, as it means all sales are not recorded, thus meaning the figures are inaccurate. As we can see in the article written by BBC Blogs, Waters (2009) suggests that sharing music illegally online causes significant damage and means that artists from different backgrounds are not being paid for their professional work, saying that up to 800,000 jobs in the creative industry may be threatened almost half of the entire industry. However, the government is being advised to force internet providers to place a ban on frequent file sharers, meaning more of a consequence may be put in place. The article written by Ernestro (2015) agrees with Waters (2009) as it suggests that a strategy has been put in place to curb online piracy by sending warnings to frequent file sharers and alleged pirates. This warning programme is part of the Creative Content UK (CCUK) initiative which is hosting a series of educational campaigns, called Get it right from a Genuine Site, encouraging people, especially young people and students, to steer clear of pirate sites and to use authorised, approved services instead, thus meaning that copyright holders and industry employees are not facing the detrimental effects that illegal file sharing causes. The initiative intends to measure the consumption of legal and illegal consumption of content in order to create and use statistics as a way of deterring piracy.The article written by PRS for music (2015) provides more depth into the aims and views of the Get it Right from a Genuine Site campaign, especially as it suggests that the 1.7 million employ ees of the creative industries may be at risk of job loss due to unauthorised file sharing. It is vital that they are protected from both transgression and copyright so that more can be invested into creating new content for fans to appreciate. Whilst the article largely outlines the disadvantages of piracy, it could be advantageous as its encouraging people to make the right choice rather than issuing sanctions. Conclusion To conclude, the disadvantages of unauthorised file sharing massively outweigh the advantages. Whilst it is advantageous in terms of testing the market for trends and demand, unauthorised file sharing can have some detrimental effects on the creative industries. The educational campaign, Get it right from a Genuine Site, is clearly seeking to reduce piracy and creative industry employees losing both money and their jobs, by aiming to educate the public about unauthorised file sharing to encourage them to use licensed services to share and download music. The campaign has been using a promotional hashtag on social media sites to attempt to spread their message. It may be worth further considering the CCUK campaign and their resources when organising your week of debate and raising awareness around internet use. The article written by PRS for music (2015) mostly outlines the disadvantages of unauthorised sharing of music on the internet. Neville-Rolfe, the Minister for Intellectual Property, suggests that the campaign is helping to improve the UKs economy and culture, simply by encouraging people to download from genuine sites. This can then help to ensure that by protecting and promoting the future of entertainment that it can help the industry to grow and expand as opposed to shrinking and losing money because of job losses and infringement. Overall, it is clear to see that there are many disadvantages of unauthorised music sharing, which heavily outweigh any positives there may be. I hope you have found this report useful in outlining the advantages and disadvantages of sharing music online, and that it will be beneficial in creating a week of debate on this topic around good practice and safe internet use. References Adorno, T. (1945) A social critique of radio music, Kenyon Review, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 208-17. Anand, B.N. and Peterson, R. (2000) When market information constitutes fields: sensemaking of markets in the commercial music industry, Organization Science, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 270-84. Banks, M., Barnett, C. and Mahendran, K. (2012). The Uses of Social Science. Milton Keynes: The Open University, p.19. Baulch, E. (2003) Gesturing elsewhere: the identity politics of the Balinese death/thrash metal scene, Popular Music, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 195-215. Baulch, E. (2008) Making Scenes: Reggae, Punk, and Death Metal in 1990s Bali, Durham, NC, Duke University Press. Caves, R. (2001) Creative Industries: Contracts between Art and Commerce, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press. Clifford, J. (1986) Introduction: partial truths in Clifford, J. and Marcus, G. (eds) Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography, Berkeley, CA, University of California Press. Clifford, J. (1992) Travelling cultures in Grossberg, L., Nelson, C. and Treichler, P. (eds) Cultural Studies, New York/London, Routledge. Douk Saga Sagacite (16 May 2007) YouTube video, added by missyolga [online], www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGQlXbe2pq4 (Accessed 23 November 2012) Ernesto (2015) UK anti-piracy education campaign launched, quietly, TorrentFreak, 1 December Eternal Madness -Gila Sepanjang Masa (11 February 2011) YouTube video, added by PRASASTY666 [online], www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxOH3DXRHas (Accessed 15 August 2012). Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures, New York, Basic Books. Gronow, P. and Saunio, I. (1998) An International History of the Recording Industry, London, Cassell. Gupta, A. and Ferguson, J. (eds) (1997) Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology, Durham, NC, Duke University Press. Informa Telecoms Media (2010) Pop is still king of the worlds music genres, Music Copyrights Blog, 11 August [online], http://musicandcopyright.wordpress.com/2010/08/11/pop-is-still-king-of-the-world%E2%80%99s-music-genres/ (Accessed 15 August 2012). Katz, E. and Lazarsfeld, P. (1955) Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication, Glencoe, IL, Free Press. Miller, M. (2012). Downloading Pirated Music: Pros and Cons | | Que. [online] Quepublishing.com. Available at: http://www.quepublishing.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1946755 [Accessed 7 Feb. 2017]. Ortner, S. (1995) Resistance and the problem of ethnographic refusal, Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 173-93. PRS for Music (2015) Get it right safeguarding the UKs creative industries, PRS for Music, 23 October Scannell, P. (2007) Media and Communication, London, Sage. Steil, L. (2011) Realness: authenticity, innovation and prestige among young danseurs afros in Paris, in Toynbee, J. and Dueck, B. (eds) Migrating Music, London, Routledge. Walsh, G. and Mitchell, V-W. (2010) The effect of consumer confusion proneness on word of mouth, trust, and customer satisfaction, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 838-59. Waters, Darren. How Damaging Is Illegal File Sharing?. BBC. N.p., 2009. Web. 28 Jan. 2017.

Disagreement Between Me and My Teacher

It is commonly known that disagreement is something that cannot be pushed away. It is something that is usual to everybody’s life. Without disagreement people will not know and measure how important one person to others or how things work or does not work. Just like what happen between me and my teacher when I was in my high school, it was a long time ago but still the lessons I learned from it comes with me in my daily life inside my classroom. Students and teachers disagreed on what is actually being evaluated when a teacher gives a student a grade (Goulden and Griffin, 1997).Students are emotionally invested in their grades and can have different emotional reactions to their receipt. For example, a student may feel pride, disappointment, desperation, helplessness, humiliation, relief, hatred, resignation, etc. Depending on what attributions are made, students may be more probable to experience a specific emotion. For example, when a grade is negative, an internal, firm and controllable cause may illicit feelings of guilt, whereas an internal, firm and uncontrollable (for instance, lack of ability) could cause feelings of shame.On the other hand, an external, uncontrollable cause may illicit feelings of disappointment, an unstable cause feelings of uncertainty and external, controllable causes feeling of anger. It was the time when my teacher gave me a bad grade. It was just simple essay writing. My teacher told us to compose an essay with a particular topic. I happily do the paper but unfortunately my teacher did not like what I composed and give me a bad grade. Grades are important to me as a student. For me grades are seen as anything from an evaluation of my personal character to an expectation of my future success.I felt angry at that time. I thought that I was not good enough to be her student; I felt that I have done my part, my best but still my best is not enough. It felt so degrading. A negative grade that is expected is not a joyful occasion for me, but a negative grade that is unexpected is a more disturbing situation. Students usually have an idea of what a fair grade is for the work that they have done. If my expectation of a fair grade is not met, I get very confused and angry. When she is giving me my grade, at that time I had the belief that I was being evaluated on my learning in the classroom.For me as a student that grade in a piece of paper is a representation of me, of what I have learned in the school. I can not help my self but to confront my teacher for giving me such a bad grade. What was her basis of my grade? What did I do wrong? At first I was not being able to speak I do not know where to begin until she spoke and asked me â€Å"What is it about? I told her that the grade she has given me seems to be unfair. She asked me to sit down and explained to me something. She said that she as a teacher agreed significantly that grades usually do not correspond with how much a student has learned.Grades may o r may not be an accurate reflection of student learning. She explained to me that even I got a bad grade it does not mean that I am less intelligent than my classmates it just that I have not explained or elaborated more with my essays. That at the moment when I was doing my paper I may not be prepared or concentrating well enough. There can be so many reasons. She said that I have all the time to show and prove my intelligence to my fellow students. Grades are interpreted by me as something different than teachers intend them to be.From that moment I have realized that I must not feel less a person because of a bad grade. It will not be a representation of my whole personality as a person. It may be a part of me that needs to be developed. I just have to think of it as a step to my achievement. Knowing a thing that you are not good at is a step for learning. Start feeding your mind with information concerning the matter. Try to be knowledgeable with it. In due time without knowing it, you will gain knowledge that is more than what you aspire for.Students also have responsibilities with regard to their learning, which increase as they advance through their growth. Students who are enthusiastic to make the effort required and who are able to apply themselves will soon discover that there is a direct relationship between accomplishment and hard work, and will be motivated to work as a result. There will be few students, on the other hand, who will find it more complicated to take responsibility for their learning for the reason of the special challenges they face, which may include lack of support and other difficulties in the home or environment in which they are growing up.For these students, the attention, patience, and encouragement of teachers can be extremely important factors for success. However, regardless of their circumstances, learning to take responsibility for one's progress and learning is an important part of education for all students. I have re alized that when a conflict exists between a student and a teacher, it takes a various form, and depends on various issues, than a romantic or workplace conflict.When a teacher gives a grade, s/he may be thinking that the grade communicates an evaluation of a certain product of work; on the other hand, a student may feel that the grade represents a judgment of him/herself as a person. Conflicts between teachers and students regarding grade are likely for the reason that the teacher and student come from such different perspectives. I don't think grades ever tell the whole story about a student. I think every student is more than their grades. Students have a social life. Students have time-demanding after-school activities and maybe even a home life that stresses students out from time to time.

Justify the Need for Keeping Records and Describe the Types of Record You Would Maintain

Record keeping enables the teacher to provide evidence of individual student’s charter from the start to finish of a course. It enables to plan, organize and to create best learning environment for the learners. This is classified depending on the subject taught, organization and any other records needed as per UK regulations. JUSTIFICATION FOR RECORD KEEPING Accurate records taken throughout the course facilitates both teacher and student to continuously assess the effectiveness of the teaching and learning relationship. Gravells, (2008) states â€Å"you need to keep records of how your learners are progressing. Being organized with an accurate record for every student helps me in assessing the student’s need and to give a positive feedback on â€Å"how things are going. † On another level, it also keeps me in check as to whether or not I need to refine any aspect of my teaching. Record keeping also helps in taking key decisions when assessing the learner for s uccessful completion of the course (ie) assignments, lab test reports, etc. It is also noteworthy that every individual has different learning needs which needs to be accommodated by a single teacher. Without proper planning and accurate record keeping, it is impossible to deliver results. In short, record keeping, helps me and the learner to set goals and track progress. TYPES OF RECORDS: There are different types of records to maintain depending on what we need them for. As a lecturer, I would maintain three different types of records. 1. Teacher’s records 2. Learners records 3. Mandatory records Teacher’s records: This constitutes of all the records that is needed by me to deliver a course within a subjective frame of time. As a Lecturer, this is usually my first record and plan to deliver the subjects allotted to me. I will be explaining this more in the following sections: Scheme of Work: This is a framework prepared by me based on the syllabus to teach throughout the course. It contains teaching methodology, when, what and how to teach, tutorials, discussion details and assessment plans. It contains a plan of how to assess the learners understanding and making sure that all learning outcomes are achieved. Lesson plan: I always ensure that I have a lesson plan for every subject I teach. This plan contains all details of every day activity. It contains learning objectives for that particular day, teaching procedures, required materials, assignment and details about learner’s appraisal for that day. This level of detailed planning from a teacher’s end is required for a consistent delivery of any course material. Both scheme of work and the lesson plan will enable the teacher and the learner to spread the weight of the lessons into sizable chunks to ensure the required understanding and subject knowledge is achieved. LEARNERS RECORDS A learner’s record helps to track individual student’s performance. It clearly identifies the area of strengths and weaknesses of a learner. From a lecturing perspective, it gives me focus as to where the learners need more or less. The different types of learner records are classified as below: Individual Learning Plans (ILPs): ILPs are developed in conjunction with the learner to assess strengths, performance, progression and barriers to learning. According to this, I can plan to support their developmental needs. Progress report: Progress reports are nothing but scorecards. The progress report gives us the exact percentage/numbers in each area though not in any details. Both teachers and the students get pointers from this, which can lead into development of ILPs. This is by far the most widely used record in all types of learning environment. Assessment course forms: Assessment course forms are usually developed by the awarding bodies for individual courses. These are then given to tutors to assess competencies of students for that particular course. It is mainly used for scoring/giving feedback in exams/assessments. It provides the assessor, the learner’s grasp for the subject and helps tutors to refine the ILPs accordingly. MANDATORY RECORDS Attendance Register: It is used to monitor learner’s presence. This helps to improve learners overall academic performance and to get higher grades and reassessing the teaching methods. Personal details records: This is a basic record required by any organization to admit candidates to a course. It contains contact details, next to kin, previous qualification, experience and achievements. It enables the institute to match candidates to right course. These details are maintained and managed according to the confidentiality agreement and Data Protection act 1998. Health and safety records H&S records are maintained by both organizations and teachers respectively. These contain any risk assessments done for individual classrooms and/or buildings to maintain safety and security for all accessing the site.

Ptlls Boundaries Essay example - 1057 Words

Roles, responsibilities and boundaries are continuous qualities within my role as a tutor which are constantly assessed and reflected upon throughout the teaching/training cycle. According to Francis and Gould â€Å"The role of a teacher is not just to teach but to also be an evaluator, subject leader, manager of learning resources, curriculum developer, union member, personal tutor, assessor, information and advice giver, administrator, liaison with external body, record keeper, interviewer, verifier, role model and overall to help learners to gain a qualification.† The Teaching/Training cycle supports this theory by providing a structures process in which tutors can follow ensuring that all learners receive the best and consistent approach†¦show more content†¦This is very useful when planning my lessons as I need to ensure that all styles are considered. All initial assessments and diagnostics are carried out on the computer. This helps me get an indication into their IT abilities. It is important for me to understand their IT level, as they might need assistance when carrying out their computer based assessments, thus giving them confidence when they first start. Once they we have the results of all assessments, we also meet with each individual on a 1-1 basis to discuss their goals, both short term and long term. This is recorded on a ITP (Individual Training Plan) which all tutors have access to and can refer to when planning their sessions. For learners to be at their most comfortable, it is important that their basic needs are met. This features at the bottom of Maslow’s Hierarch of needs, in which all humans need certain physiological dependencies such as food, water, and clothing/warmth. Once the needs featured on this level are met, humans can begin meeting their needs on the next level. It is the role of a tutor to ensure that some of these needs are met, including: safety, resources and morality. This will then boost their confidence to move to the third level, which allows them to gain friendships and relationships, thus improving their confidence (as supported on the fourth level along with self esteem,Show MoreRelatedEducation and Learners Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesyour learner’s progress making sure your learners has all the information they need for the course. The boundary of a teacher’s role is effective learning, it is also important for teachers to be aware of different aspects of the learners’ needs that are beyond a teacher’s role. The teacher should always consider the learners interest but needs to understand and respect the professional boundaries as they are essential. When you are a teacher you will have to know the internal and external supportRead MoreRoles and Responsibility Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesRoles and Responsibilities This essay is to evaluate what your role, responsibilities and boundaries as a teacher would be in terms of the teaching/training cycle. In order for one to completely explore the task expected from the author, it is paramount to understand the meaning of the terminology used in this essay. The author begins by giving a brief definition of â€Å"roleâ€Å". According to the dictionary, role is defined as one’s part, expected function, job, duty, task, responsibility.Read MorePtlls Assignment 1 Roles and Responsibilities Essay1137 Words   |  5 Pagesto participate in the activities and discussions, he listened to everyone and respected their views and opinions. The class was conducted taking into account the multicultural nature of the class and different backgrounds of the students. Boundaries When our responsibilities are clearly defined in the job description, during induction process and in instructions and guidelines, it ensures clear understanding and co-operation, effective working relationships, positive psychological environmentRead MorePtlls Unit 0013426 Words   |  14 Pagesprofessional in the lifelong learning sector – roles, responsibilities and boundaries Chapter overview When you have worked through this chapter on becoming a professional you will be able to: Describe what is meant by the ‘lifelong learning sector’ Explain the current drive towards professionalism in the lifelong learning sector and its implications for those working in it Review the roles, responsibilities and boundaries of professionals in the sector Identify other points of referral to meetRead MorePtlls Level 4 Assessment Question 1796 Words   |  4 PagesPTLLS Level 4 – Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Assessment Question 1 Evaluate what you believe are the main roles and responsibilities as a teacher/trainer in relation to the teaching and learning cycle and in particular when meeting the needs of learners. How far do your responsibilities as a teacher/trainer go and how do these work in relation to other professionals you may encounter both internally and externally? What boundaries are there with your role and betweenRead MoreThe Roles, Responsibilities and Boundaries of a Teacher and Establishing Ground Rules Within a Learning Environment956 Words   |  4 PagesThe roles, responsibilities and boundaries of a teacher and establishing ground rules within a learning environment In this assignment I will explore my role, responsibilities and boundaries as a teacher within the teacher training cycle and will analyse the different ways in which I would establish ground rules with students which may promote good behaviour and respect for other students who are participating within the same learning environment (Gravells, 2010). According to Clarke (2006)Read MorePTLLS Overview1077 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) at Level 4. Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) at Level 4 Total credit value (at Level 4) 12 Total GLH 4 x units (each @ 12 GLHs) = 48 Units being run and assessed: Group Unit title Level Credit value GLH A Roles and responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning 4 3 12 Learning outcomes: The learner will Assessment Criteria: The learner can 1. Understand own role and responsibilities in lifelong learningRead MoreEducation and Lifelong Learning1329 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect them in any way if there standard improves and will be given regular evaluations and updates on their performance. 2. Understanding the relationship between teachers and other professionals in lifelong learning. (2.1) Some of the boundaries I face as an instructor in the Military are maintaining a professional relationship due to other instructors having a different outlook on a subject or not doing enough research, at times the Military seem to want a subject taught even if the instructorRead MoreRoles and Responsibilities of the Teacher in the Lifelong Learning Sector968 Words   |  4 PagesAmanda Smith Pttles Teaching Programme Tutor: Joanna Martin Essay Title/ Level 4 Assessment: ‘Review what your role, responsibilities and boundaries as a teacher would be in terms of the teaching/ training cycle’? Describe what your role, responsibilities and boundaries would be as a teacher in terms of the teaching/training cycle. Traditionally the role of the teacher has been as a purveyor of information and trusted to be the fount of all knowledge. This suggests that the teacher wasRead MoreRole, Responsibilities and Boundaries Within Teaching1173 Words   |  5 PagesCourse Title .Understand own role, responsibilities and boundaries of role in relation to teaching Chris Hirst PTLLS Preparing to Teach in Lifelong Learning Sector Level 3 Award Depending on the organisation, your role, responsilbities and boundaries as a teacher will depend on five areas of the teaching/learning cycle. The purpose of the cycle is to educate, communicate, and motivate students to learn. Identifying the learners needs Role of the teacher is to identify the individual