Timeline of US-North Korean Relations

Take a look at the US-North Korean relationship from 1950 to the present. 1950-1953 WarThe Korean War was fought on the Korean Peninsula between the Chinese supported forces in the north and the American supported, United Nations forces in the south. 1953 CeasefireOpen warfare stops with a ceasefire agreement on July 27. The peninsula is divided by a demilitarized zone (DMZ) along the 38th parallel. The north is the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the south becomes the Republic of Korea (ROK). A formal peace agreement ending the Korean War has not yet been signed. 1968 USS PuebloThe DPRK captures the USS Pueblo, an American intelligence gathering ship. Although the crew is later released, the North Koreans still hold the USS Pueblo. 1969 Shot DownAn American reconnaissance plane is shot down by North Korea. Thirty-one Americans are killed. 1994 New LeaderKim Il Sung, known as the Great Leader of the DPRK since 1948 dies. His son, Kim Jong Il, assumes power and is known as the Dear Leader. 1995 Nuclear CooperationAgreement reached with the United States to build nuclear reactors in DPRK. 1998 Missile Test?In what appears to be a test flight, the DPRK sends a missile flying over Japan. 2002 Axis of EvilIn his 2002 State of the Union Address, President George W. Bush labeled North Korea as part an Axis of Evil along with Iran and Iraq. 2002 ClashUnited States stops oil shipments to DPRK in a dispute over the countrys secretive nuclear weapons program. DPRK removes international nuclear inspectors. 2003 Diplomatic MovesDPRK withdraws from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. So-called Six Party talks open between the United States, China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea. 2005 Outpost of TyrannyIn her Senate confirmation testimony to become Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice listed North Korea as one of several Outposts of Tyranny in the world. 2006 More MissilesDPRK test fires a number of missiles and later conducts a test explosion of a nuclear device. 2007 Agreement?Six Party talks early in the year lead to a plan for North Korea to shut down its nuclear enrichment program and allow for international inspections. But the agreement has still not been implemented. 2007 BreakthroughIn September, U.S. State Department announces North Korea will catalog and dismantle its entire nuclear program by the end of the year. Speculation follows that North Korea will be removed from the U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism. More diplomatic breakthroughs, including discussion of ending the Korean War, follow in October. 2007 Mr. PostmanIn December, President Bush sends a handwritten letter to North Korean leader Kim Jong Il. 2008 More Progress?Speculation runs high in June that President Bush will ask that North Korea be removed from the U.S. terror watch list in acknowledgment of progress in the six-party talks. Removed From ListIn October, President Bush formally removed North Korea from the U.S. terror watch list.

Huntington And Mamdani s Views On Culture And Islam

Huntington and Mamdani make two very different arguments. They both make points about what causes conflict. Huntington describes his theories on a future â€Å"clash of civilizations† while Mamdani argues that 9/11 did not happen because of a clash of civilizations. Mamdani also disagrees with Huntington’s opinions on culture and Islam. Huntington believes that the world can be organized by civilizations based on culture instead of political or economic systems. Huntington focuses on two civilizations, Western civilization and Islamic civilization. Huntington believes that these civilizations will face inevitable conflict. The sources of conflict may be struggles for military, economic, and institutional power or it may come from differences in basic values and beliefs between the two cultures. Huntington states â€Å"It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural...the clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future† (Huntington, pg. 22). Mamdani says Huntington’s argument â€Å"was built around two ideas: that since the end of the Cold War ‘the iron curtain of ideology’ had been replaced by a ‘velvet curtain of culture,’ and that the velvet curtain had been drawn across ‘the bloody borders of Islam† (Mamdani, pg. 21).Show MoreRelatedMuslims After 9/112726 Words   |  11 Pagesconstantly fighting against prejudice. After September 11, media interest in Islam increased, where Islam was usually portrayed in a negative way. Before 9/11, many Muslims lived the normal, everyday life. However, the attack has changed lives of many people that belonged to the Muslim community, where they were the victims of guilt. Unfortunately, many Americans were introduced to Islam, after the 9/11 attack, thus even till today, Islam is associated with terrorism. For the past ten years, Muslims felt excludedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPublic Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political

Gary Paulsen Essay Research Paper Gary PaulsenBorn free essay sample

Gary Paulsen Essay, Research Paper Gary Paulsen Born May 17, 1939, Gary Paulsen is one of America # 8217 ; s most popular authors for immature people. Although he was neer a dedicated pupil, Paulsen developed a passion for reading at an early age. After a librarian gave him a book to read, along with his ain library card he was hooked. He began passing hours entirely in the cellar of his flat edifice, reading one book after another. Runing off from place at the age of 14 and going with a carnival, Paulsen gained a gustatory sensation for escapade. A vernal summer of tough jobs on a farm, excessively many occupations to number, and two unit of ammunitions of the 1,180-mile Alaskan Canis familiaris sled race, the Iditarod ; have provided abundant stuff from which he creates his powerful narratives. Paulsen # 8217 ; s realisation that he would go a author came all of a sudden when he was working as a orbiter technician for an aerospace company in California. We will write a custom essay sample on Gary Paulsen Essay Research Paper Gary PaulsenBorn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One dark he walked off the occupation, neer to return. He spent the following twelvemonth in Hollywood as a magazine proofreader, working on his ain authorship every dark. Then he left California and drove to northern Minnesota where he rented a cabin on a lake ; by the terminal of the winter, he had completed his first novel. Populating in the distant Minnes ota forests, Paulsen shortly turned to the athletics of Canis familiaris racing, and entered the 1983 Iditarod. This led to his ulterior novels ; Woodsong and Dogsong. Paulsen’s overpowering belief in immature people that drives him to compose. His intense desire to tap profoundly into the human spirit and to promote readers to detect and care about the universe around them has brought him both tremendous popularity with immature people and critical award from the children’s book community. Paulsen is a maestro narrator who has written more than 175 books and some 200 articles and short narratives for kids and grownups. He is one of the most of import authors of immature grownup literature today. My personal penetrations while reading Paulsen? s books are that he can do novels that conveying true life into focal point. He can demo deep emotions through a rugged out-of-doorss book. He besides shows huge content and great construction in his books. Most of all I like his manner and how he likes to compose about his self-events. I think his work is most first-class. He is my favourite writer and he lets himself show what he is experiencing. I chose this book because I have read many of his old books and they are great. He is an first-class writer and I will go on to maintain reading his books.

Murder of Words free essay sample

Murder, Revenge, and regret haunt the maddened minds and hearts of Antonio Salieri and Montrisor. The way the murder was thought out, the reason and type of revenge growing in the depths of the two men’s hearts and the sickening regret of the horrific crime that is buried in their souls are all things done similarly or completely different in the move â€Å"Amadeus† and fictional, horror story A Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe by the characters Antonio Salieri and Montrisor. In â€Å"Amadeus†, Salieri was jealous of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s composing ability, believing that God was making fun of him through the immature boy. Montrisor, from Cask of Amontillado, had spent years of hurt from Fortunato and wished revenge for the pain. â€Å"The only thing that worried me was the actual killing,† (Shaffer.) Salieri told Father Vogler. In Salieri’s mind his plan was â€Å"†¦so simple it terrified me† (Shaffer. We will write a custom essay sample on Murder of Words or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ). He planned to kill Mozart but was not sure how to achieve his death. Montrisor, however, had years of planning Fortunato’s death. â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity† (Poe.). He had Fortunato’s whole ‘punishment’ planned out in his head but waited for the perfect moment to put that plan in action. Salieri’s plan was thought out quickly and was simple while Montrisor’s plan was simple but thoroughly thought out and carefully put together. The want of revenge can grow and become very dangerous. Jealousy of Mozart’s composing skills and revenge to God by giving Salieri the will and dream to be a great composer and Mozart’s amazing composing ability burn in Salieri’s mind and heart. Salieri is so overcome by this jealousy and revenge that it’s all he thought about. In Salieri’s plan, at Mozart’s funeral there would be a song playing â€Å"composed by his devoted friend, Antonio Salieri† (Shaffer.). The music would be playing â€Å"and God is forced to listen! Powerless, powerless to stop it! I, for once in the end, laughing at him† (Shaffer.). Salieri truly believed that God had been laughing at him through Mozart and wanted to find a way to out-do God and it came back to bite him. Montrisor, however, did not kill from jealousy or bizarre thoughts but â€Å"the thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could† (Poe.) He wanted revenge on the injuries Fortunato had caused, though they may not have been physical or intended. He pretended to be Fortunato’s friend then listened closely to Fortunato’s cries as he walled him in and buried him alive. While Salieri was trying to accomplish revenge on God Montrisor had the feelings built up over years. Salieri’s revenge was driven by sudden jealousy. At one point or another we all do something we regret and need to go back and apologize for but the things that Sal ieri and Montrisor did for revenge they could never take back. â€Å"He killed Mozart and kept me alive to torture† (Shaffer.) shows Salieri regretted killing Mozart and he couldn’t live with Mozart’s death haunting him. Salieri’s regret was eating him alive and driving him mad until he made a failed attempt to end his own life. He had watched Mozart’s health deteriorate before his own eyes and was just a little regretful near the end but the regret got much worse once Mozart was dead. Montrisor, on the other hand, took in Fortunato’s cries for help and mercy and mocked him. He enjoyed listening to the cries of despair as he buried Fortunato alive. He felt no regret during the act of killing Fortunato or after it was done. When he finishes walling Fortunato in, he says in Latin, â€Å"In pace requiescat!† The phrase means ‘May he rest in peace!’ Salieri hated himself after his awful crime but Montrisor had no regret, glad that Fortunato was dead. Salieri and Montrisor had different ways of thinking out the hideous deed, similar reasons for the murder yet different types of revenge, and one was tortured by regret of the crime that can never be undone while the other faces the world with eyes that are glad his victim is gone forever.

An Analysis of the Poem An Ox looks at Man Essays - Ox, Comics

An Analysis of the Poem An Ox looks at Man Essays - Ox, Comics An Analysis of the Poem "An Ox looks at Man" In the poem "An Ox Looks at Man" by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, the speaker is an ox that makes observations about mankind's existence. The ox criticizes the behavior of humans in regards to each other and the natural world. The poem suggests that man is frantic and fragile, while the ox is calm and strong as shown through direct comparison of their mental and emotional characteristics. The ox suggests that oxen are physically superior to men due to the fact that men are fragile beings while oxen are strong capable creatures. The poem begins with the ox's critique of the physical strength of humans. The ox claims that humans "are more delicate even than shrubs" In the eyes of the ox, human beings are feeble beings that have the strength of plants. While shrubs are not necessarily weak, they are a source of food to oxen. Shrubs are also easily crushed under the weight or grazing herds and are easily uprooted from the soil by hungry oxen. The ox also comments on man's inability to match the ox's physical stability because "there is little of the mountain about them" The ox considers human beings creatures that are of an inferior physical status. Humans who are in a constantly moving whether it be across the world or across the room are unlike oxen that are nearly immovable. Throughout the course of history countless empires and nations have existed, all coming to an e nd in a similar manor, they are overthrown by another empire or nation. However, both oxen and mountains have the power to withstand the elements are unconquerable. Furthermore, at the end of the day mankind loose "itself to a simple lowering of lids, to a shadow." The ox claims that humans can only escape their despair and sadness in their slumber. Implying that mankind lacks the strength to face these problems, and choose to avoid them until they reach a point of exhaustion. The ox is able to characterize humans so thoroughly because "All their expression lives in their eyes" In the opinion of the ox, mankind's inability to conceal his emotions is a sign of weakness. Hence, they are unable to hide their fear, and it can be seen by all, making them an easy target to predators. Oxen on the other hand are feared by other animals and are less expressive than humans. In the comparison of the physical characteristics of the ox and man, the ox is able reveal his belief in the superiority of oxen. In addition to being physically superior, the ox also believes the oxen to be more emotionally and mentally sound than mankind. In the eyes of the ox, mankind is distracted, unfocused creatures that "run from one side to the other, always forgetting something" suggesting that the ox is a tranquil and calm being. The ox believes humans to be indecisive creatures. Oxen unlike sporadic people, oxen graze peacefully through plains. The ox's condescending tone than changes to one of sympathy due to the fact that we are incapable of hearing neither "the song of the air nor the secrets of hay;" The ox suggests that within nature there is a world of beauty that humans are not capable of understanding. However oxen are able to appreciate the beauty of the world. The ox criticizes the fact than man cannot see beyond their own one-dimensional views of the world and find meaning in simplicity. With their ability to have a deeper understanding of the world, the oxen see themselves as a species of a higher intellect in the ox's observations of humans, he notices that "in the wake of sadness humans come to cruelty." In the midst of adversity humans often resort to violence, differences in opinion lead to war and genocide. Unable to properly process their emotions and sorrows the ox sees that humans tend to drift towards savage behaviors, while oxen are able to maintain their calm. The ox continues to compare man to oxen, arguing that "it is impossible for them to settle themselves, into forms that are calm, lasting and necessary." Humans in the opinion of the

How to Ask for Directions in Italian

How to Ask for Directions in Italian Michelangelos Sistine Chapel is around the corner. Or so you thought the sign said until you ended up lost and without any idea how to get where you wanted to be. Avoid missing the highlights of Italy with these simple phrases and keywords for asking for directions in Italian. Vocabulary Let’s start with some must know vocabulary words. Some of the most common words you’ll encounter are: Andare - To goCamminare - To walkGirare - To turnFermare - To stopDiritto (dritto) - StraightA destra - RightA sinistra - LeftNord - NorthSud - SouthOvest - WestEst - EastVicino - CloseLontano - Far When giving directions in Italian, the Imperative mood is used. For the most common verbs listed above, the Imperative mood  is as follows: Andare – (tu) VAI/va’, (lui, lei, Lei) vada, (voi) andateCamminare – (tu) cammina, (lui, lei, Lei) cammini, (voi) camminateGirare – (tu) gira, (lui, lei, Lei) giri, (voi) girateFermare – (tu) ferma, (lui, lei, Lei) fermi, (voi) fermate Besides this keyword vocabulary, it is also important to know how to describe where something can be found. In English these types of directions would translate to, â€Å"The bar is around the corner† or â€Å"It is in front of the market.† Phrases In Italian instead, you want to use these descriptive directional phrases: Vicino a - Close to / near / nearbyDietro a - BehindAll’angolo con - At the corner ofDavanti a (di fronte a) - In front of / across fromAll’incrocio con - At the intersection ofAccanto a - Next to Additionally, the following sentences are worth memorizing and will ensure you get the right directions every time. Mi sono perso/a, Lei puà ² aiutarmi? - I am lost, can you help me?Cerco†¦ - I am looking for†¦   Ã‚     - Il teatro - The theater   Ã‚     - La stazione - The train station   Ã‚     - Il supermercato - The supermarket   Ã‚     - Un ristorante - A restaraunt   Ã‚     - Un bagno - A bathroom   Ã‚     - L’aeroporto - The airport Quantà ¨ lontano a...? - How far is it to...Dove sono i gabinetti? - Where is the bathroom? (polite way to ask in a public place)Dovà ¨ il bagno? - Where is the bathroom?Posso usare il bagno, per favore? - Can I use the bathroom, please?Me lo puà ² indicare sulla mappa/cartina, per favore? - Can you show me on the map, please? Typical responses to requests for directions include: A destra - RightA sinistra - LeftVicino - NearLontano - FarGira a - Turn toIl primo/la prima a destra - First on the rightIl secondo/la seconda a sinistra - Second on the left Some more handy tips: Often times, when asked where something is, Italians will answer â€Å"Vada sempre diritto!†   It means Straight ahead!One kilometer (or un chilometro in Italian) 0.62 miles.If you cant find what youre looking for, enjoy what youve found. Sometimes when traveling, the best experiences happen serendipitously.

Health Information Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Information Systems - Research Paper Example fore is on the fact that despite the proliferation of information system retrieval technologies such as memory chips and CDs, It is still unclear as to whether Physicians use such data retroviral technologies objectively or not. Thus a framework was developed based on certain criteria and all the earlier studies were thane evaluated according to the criteria set into the framework developed by the authors. Some of the criteria include frequency of use, purpose of use, user satisfaction, searching utility, searching failure etc. A total sample of 47 articles was chosen from which further classification was made in order to develop the framework under study. This study basically therefore attempted to develop a framework by performing the review of the already performed studies on the subject. Authors searched the data relating to the medical informatics from 1996 to 1998 with special emphasis on those studies which involved the Physicians. The most obvious rational for the study was therefore to review the earlier studies and compare them according to the set criteria for further exploration and as to how earlier studies actually contributed towards the development of comprehensive set of knowledge and understanding regarding the use of information retrieval technologies by the Physicians. As discussed, that this study is based on the review of already published studies to formulate a framework for assessment purposes. Authors checked the citations of the studies as well as the bibliographies of 49 studies. Most of the material has been taken from the earlier published material and studies from databases such as MEDLINE and LISA. The basic criteria for selection of the articles was based on the fact that whether any such study presented the classification of the information retrieval technologies or whether such technologies were used by the Physicians as well as students. Based on the designed framework, authors looked for the defined criteria in these studies

BIOCHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BIOCHEMISTRY 3 - Assignment Example Vitamin C helps in preventing drying of the skin this is through promoting synthesis of lipids that act as barrier that will reduce water permeability in the skin cells (Mason 20). Vitamin C helps in photoprotection by reducing the rate of effect of chronic high-dose UVB thus reducing skin wrinkle and skin tumors Cholecystokinin is produced in small intestine and is a hormone that plays a big role in digestion of fats and protein. Cholecystokinin effect is also seen in the vagus nerve and brain. It generates the feelings of satisfaction when a person has consumed a lot of food thus shutting down the feeling of appetite. This hormone may sometime be introduced into the body for the purpose of carrying out test on diagnosis. Cholecystokinin hormone stimulates release of bile juice to the digestive tract through making the gallbladder to contract and relax. Bile is also released when the digestive tract detects fat content on the body (Mason 22). Cholecystokinin also inhibits the stomach from being emptied by providing a sensation that will result in stomach distension Secretin is hormone that occurs naturally in the body system and is produced for medicinal purposes. Secretin is used in pancreas to stimulate the secretion of digestive fluids which is reach in bicarbonates and has neutralizing agent for stomachs that are transported to the small intestine. Proteins are broken down by pepsin which are released by the stomach through stimulation by secretin (Mason 24). Gastrin is a hormone produced in the stomach lining and upper part of small intestine. Gastrin stimulates the release of gastric acid which helps in breaking down proteins in food and in absorption of certain minerals (Mason 25). Gastrin also helps in killing and disinfecting the stomach by killing bacteria that find its way to the stomach through the food. Uric acid is a chemical by

Dalman Swot Essay Example for Free

Dalman Swot Essay Dalman and Lei are considering a large-scale expansion for their business, Sandwich Blitz. In order to come to the right conclusion they need to do a SWOT analysis which means finding a strength, a weakness, an opportunity and a threat in regards to the operations of the business. By performing a SWOT analysis Dalman and Lei will be able to find factual information about their internal and external business environment. Then they will be able to take advantage of opportunities presented to them by playing on their strengths, correcting their weaknesses and counter acting threats, or those items or actions of competitors deemed potential threats. The first part of doing the SWOT analysis is to identify one strength and one weakness in regards to Sandwich Blitz’s internal resources. Sandwich Blitz’s strength is that they have a positive cash flow and Lei knows that they have enough money to open two new locations. Even though she mentions that there has been a decrease in traffic in the stores near the office parks they are still making a profit. Their weakness is their internal structure is not functioning correctly at the moment. Dalman and Lei are spending the majority of their time helping the managers with budgeting and the daily accounting process. These are things the managers should be doing themselves without Dalman and Lei’s help. The second part of doing the SWOT analysis is to identify one opportunity and one threat in regards to Sandwich Blitz’s external environment. Sandwich Blitz currently has eight locations but they are all within one metropolitan area. So, an opportunity for Sandwich Blitz is that they could expand into another city. The threat that Sandwich Blitz faces is that competitors are entering the market because they have shown to be profitable. Lei mentions that there are two new franchise operations emerging into the market that offer similar food products as Sandwich Blitz. In short, Dalman and Lei need to put together a strategic plan to solve the issues that the business is currently facing before they jump feet first into the idea of expanding and opening new locat ions.

do our judgement of others define by the symbolz they signify :: essays research papers

Do our judgment of others defined by the symbols they signify?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are judgment of others defined by the symbols they signify? Why do we judge people based on how they appear? From the min we see somebody wearing bagging jeans, big shirts, just the whole package. We take them to be no good. When that’s not always the case . Do we look at them for what they symbolize? By the way they walk, talk, act. Names and titles always symbolizes a person. It describes a persons outlook. When you hear psycho. We would think that the person is crazy. And would know to stay away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why do we judge people based on how they appear? When I was first saying bout the baggy jeans, big shirts. We look at them basally to be bad because most people who dress like that are. If I were to dress up as a police and walk down the street people will always come to me asking for help or something that a police individual would do. With Hester and scarlet letter. In the book people who wear the scarlet letter are known to have done something bad. And so they look down on her. With Mr. Dimsdale he is look upon as a someone who has no sin. Ideal. Just on what we appear to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do we look at them for what they symbolize? of course we do. Its not right. But lets take for sample an old guy with baggy cut up clothes, long bread, just sitting down in a corner of a street. We take the old man don’t have a job, car, education, no life. And that just may be the case. But how a person symbolizes themselves to be that’s what we take them for. If a young lady comes in with her hair in a bun and very covered up, No make-up. Always keeps her head down .You take her to be shy , keep to herself or something like that. Just by her just doing all that. We take her to symbolizes a shy lady. As well as Mrs. Hibbins. She acts a witch. Everybody is going to take her to be one .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Names and titles always symbolizes the person. With teenagers, society looks at teens to be wild, out of control people that just want to party. Just because of what their named â€Å"teens† .

International marketing management Essay

‘Self- Reference Criterion’ 1. Define problem or goals in terms of home-country cultural traits, habits and norms 2. Define problem or goals in terms of foreign cultural traits, habits and norms 3. Isolate the SRC influence in the problem and examine it carefully to see how complicates the problem 4. Redefine the problem without the SRC influence and solve for the foreign market Self-reference criterion (SRC) as an unconscious reference to ones own cultural values, experiences and knowledge as a basis for decisions. The SRC impedes the ability to assess a foreign market in its true light. For example, Americans may perceive more traditional societies to be â€Å"backward† and â€Å"unmotivated† because they fail to adopt new technologies or social customs, seeking instead to preserve traditional values. In the 1960s, a supposedly well read American psychology professor referred to India’s culture of â€Å"sick† because, despite severe food shortages, the Hindu religion did not allow the eating of cows. The psychologist expressed disgust that the cows were allowed to roam free in villages, although it turns out that they provided valuable functions by offering milk and fertilizing fields. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one’s culture to be superior to others. The important thing here is to consider how these biases may come in the way in dealing with members of other cultures. Self-reference criterion importance to a marketing firm planning to enter international markets for the first time. Importance of Self-reference criterion as a topic of research Self-reference is a topic whose theoretical foundations have so far primarily been studied in the context of logic, the philosophy of language, systems theory, and post-modern culture. In computer science it has been a topic in the context of the recursively of Turing machines. In semiotics, there have been only few studies which have dealt explicitly with this topic, although marginal reflections on self reference can occasionally be found in the context of the theory of reference. Levels and degrees of self-reference criterion: Examples from advertising Just as signs may self-referentially refer to the world of signs, the media may refer to the world of the media in a self-referential manner. Citations, intertextuality, intermediality, met textual references, repetitions, recursions, and references to the communicative situation are some of the symptoms of self-reference in the media. Various degrees of self-reference must be distinguished, from the sign that refers to nothing but itself to the sign that refers only partially to itself and partially still to something else. Furthermore, self reference occurs at different levels of the message in which it occurs. Beginning with the smallest elements of the message, the first three levels of self-reference are derived from Peirce’s trichotomy of the interpret ant: 34 rheumatic (equivalent to the unit of a word), dicentic (equivalent to a proposition), and argumentative self-reference. In extension of this Peircean triad, textual, intertextual, intermedial and communicative self-reference will be distinguished. Communicative self-reference criterion Communicative self-reference pertains to pragmatics, the situation of text production and reception. The roles of the readers or the spectators and the enunciative roles of the authors, the producers, the actors or the players become the topic of the message. Instead of presenting or representing ideas or events in the world beyond the message, the text deals with its own communicative context, its communicative function, and its presuppositions. The text has thus its own pragmatic dimension as its topic. For example, the audience of a film is reminded of the fact that it is participating in the film while sitting in the film theatre. 38 Peter Greeanway’s actors that step out of their role as actors and mingle with the audience, or Alfred Hitchcock, who steps out of the role of a film producer to become an actor are further examples of communicative self-reference. B) International marketer must have knowledge of sub cultural groups Introduction Culture is concerned with social behaviour and attitudes, and this paper aims to highlight its significance for entry into foreign markets. Culture has been defined as â€Å"the integrated sum total of learned behaviour traits that are manifest and shared by members of a society†. Cultural factors have been itemized in the existing literature, but clearly among the most important are: customer beliefs and attitudes; morality, ethics and religion; social and consumption values; language and literature; social systems and social behaviour (especially the family); historical background; arts and aesthetics. Two authoritative studies have identified concepts of culture both as barriers to entry and as dynamic movers (Herkovits, 1970, Clutterbuck 1980). Furthermore, insufficient research attention has focused on defining more conceptual approaches to the internationalization of retailing and there is an even greater paucity of research into strategies for retailer entry modes; this is the main justification for this paper. In researching their approach to overseas markets, retailers must consider that culture can have an impact on their merchandising and promotion. The culture in which a person lives affects his/her consumption patterns and also the meaning that is attached to specific products. When promoting merchandise in a new culture, it is easier initially to appeal to existing culture requirements or expectations than to try to change them. Merchandising and promotion must be sensitive to the basic values of the country and the differences in patterns of consumption. Case Example (1) Entry into the Swiss Market In Switzerland, foreign dishwasher manufacturers and retailers expected the same rapid sales they had first obtained in other West European markets; but sales in Switzerland were so slow that research had to be done to find out why (this research should, of course, should have been done before, not after, market entry). The research showed that the Swiss housewife had a different set of values to, for example, her French and English counterparts; she was very conscious of her role as strict and hardworking, and her responsibility for the health of her family. To the Swiss housewife dishwashers simply made life easy, and this conflicted with her Calvinistic work ethic. As a result of this research, dishwasher manufacturers had to change their advertising – promoting, instead of ease-and convenience, hygiene-and-health. They did this by emphasizing that because dishwashers used temperatures higher than hand hot the process was more hygienic than washing up by hand. Thereafter retailers had no problem selling automatic dishwashers in Switzerland. Source: Author Cultures across countries High context culture – the meaning of individual behaviour and speech changes depending on the situation – nonverbal messages are full of important meaning (Read between the lines) – e. g. Saudi Arabia and Japan, written contracts are not always enforceable as new people move into executive positions (Chile, Mexico) Low context culture – intentions are expressed verbally – the situation does not change the meaning of words – e. g. India, China, Australia, New Zealand Cultural Assessment International retailers need to communicate meaning through the transmission of messages to people of different cultures if they are to succeed in the promotion of their products to enter foreign markets. Misunderstandings caused by cultural differences can seriously damage the image of a firm or product; therefore, in order to ensure the message transmitted is received in its correct form, the retailer needs to be completely aware of the implications of all the elements of the message in the foreign culture. Failure on behalf of the retailer to adapt to the intricacies of national customs and develop a rapport will lead to inadequate market entry strategies. Accurate communications are so vital that any risk of cultural misunderstanding needs to be eliminated. Firms must identify key management positions and insist that they are held, whenever possible, by someone of the same culture. Many firms make the mistake of putting nationals from the parent companies in charge of key positions within their foreign subsidiaries, often on the basis that fluency in the language is sufficient. In attempting to understand the most significant elements of the foreign culture, companies have to be vigilant and ensure a balance is maintained. There is no one method to adopt in the evaluation of other cultures for retailing purposes as the nature of the goods being offered should govern the method of assessment. The retailer must be sufficiently perceptive and guard against the over-exaggeration of the differences or the similarities between the foreign culture and its own. For example, in analyzing the United States market, a UK retailer may overemphasize a perceived common culture stemming from the common language and close political and economic relations. â€Å"A common language cannot indefinitely set the seal on a common culture when the geographical, political and economic determinants of the culture are no longer the same throughout its area. † The withdrawal of Marks and Spencer from the Canadian market in 1999 is a case in point; their precept was that the aforementioned â€Å"perceived† cultural affinity would facilitate acceptance of the St Michael brand name; in short the common language or heritage does not guarantee a common culture. A further complication in determining the important facets of a country’s culture is the existence of more than one culture or sub-culture within many nations world-wide. Table 1 lists a few states with cultural differences based along linguistic groupings and the problems these present to the international retailer. A cultural assessment will reveal a modal pattern, but a truly useful evaluation will also expose considerable variations within a group or a subset group. In fact, for some cultural characteristics, there may be a wider range within a given society than between societies. For example, young professional 25-30 year olds in Spain, France and Italy may have more in common, in terms of values, tastes and aspirations, than with their non-professional compatriots of the same age group. A cultural evaluation can be either static or dynamic. A static assessment serves only to identify the differences in variables between cultures, whereas a dynamic appraisal seeks to indicate which variables will change in the future, in what order and with what speed. For the international retailer, the identification of which changes would be readily accepted or rejected can mean the difference between success or failure. The analysis of a culture to ascertain the peculiarities of the population can be extremely expensive, time-consuming and unwieldy. Therefore, having conducted a rapid survey of key cultural elements of a nation, the international retailer with limited resources may choose to carry out a Partial Cultural Assessment which focuses on key elements fundamental to the success of its operations in any country. Table 2 shows several cultural factors, which could frustrate the progress of the operations in the event of a retailer failing to obtain accurate data from the assessment of the foreign markets; if a single element is incorrectly assessed, the effectiveness of the strategies will be diminished.

Image of Nursing Essay

Every nurse should be concerned with the overall image of nursing. Nursing is considered to be the most trusted, honest and ethical profession. The media and the public will continually critique how nurses perform in and out of the clinical setting. Nursing protocols and guidelines have shaped nurses into professionals who have a great deal of knowledge and experience in their particular field. The image of nursing has changed a lot over the years and each nurse has a personal responsibility to maintain a positive overall image (Gambrell, 2004). Nurses should ask themselves how to confront and address the negative images of nursing. We need to be aware of how our appearance affects the delivery of healthcare. Tattoos, piercings and scrubs are very influential in the eyes of the patient and their families. Popular TV shows also portray nurses in a certain way that could cause common misconceptions. In recent years more males have been entering the nursing field and are taking on more duties as role models and mentors who are admired and respected (Hoeve, 2013). Nurses should incorporate communication, collaboration, critical thinking and clinical judgment into every aspect of their job. These qualities should begin in school and will hopefully remain with the nurse for the entirety of their career. Every single nurse is ultimately responsible for how the profession of nursing is  viewed. The â€Å"image† of nursing is very subjective and therefore, no absolute definition exits. The majority of a nurse’s work is invisible to all except the patients, their families and the organizations they work for. We’re always being watched and a positive attitude can go a long way in the eyes of the patients and their families. Nurses traditionally don’t have a strong relationship with the media. They tend to focus more on human-interest stories rather than professional abilities. By publicly sharing aspects of our jobs we are then able to enhance the public’s image of nursing. The image of nursing will successfully be enhanced because we will be seen as professionals who care for each other and support one another’s professional growth . I believe that every nurse, from new grads to clinical nurse 4’s, is absolutely responsible for the overall image of nursing. Public opinion shapes political agendas. Because public opinion is often based on inaccurate images, nurses must participate in the public arena to shape our image (Gambrell, 2004). Nurses are not given due recognition for the skills they have by the majority of the public. The essence of nursing is not always clear and nurses still suffer from many stereotypes including gender. The media often depict nurses working at the patient’s bedside and performing repetitive and routine tasks, mostly as the doctor’s handmaiden. The public image of nurses does not always match their professional image; nurses are not depicted as autonomous professionals and the public is not aware that nowadays nursing is to a great extent a theory-based and scholarly profession (Hoeve, 2013). As nurses, we should always strive to uphold a positive public image, self-concept and professional identity. The self-concept of nurses and their professional identity are determined by many factors, including public image, work environment, work values, education and culture. A negative public image may challenge nurses to look for successful strategies to improve their self-concept and to show their invaluable contribution to the healthcare system. I’m very proud to be in this field. References Gambrell, M. (2004). Improving Our Image a Nurse at a Time. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(10), 510-511. Hoeve, Y. T., Jansen, G., & Roodbol, P. (2013). The nursing profession: public image, self-concept and professional identity. A discussion paper. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(2), 295-309.

Free Essays on Bombing Of Hiroshima

In 1938 German scientists discovered how to split the nuclei of a uranium atom. Releasing nuclear energy. They feared the Hitler would use this weapon against the US. The scientists searched for a way to contact the US and warn them of the potential threat of other nations creating a nuclear weapon. They look to American-German scientist Albert Einstein, who signed a letter to president Roosevelt warning of the chaos that would be released from an nuclear attack. The letter helped initiate the first American Atomic Bomb Project. In 1941, even before Japan attacked the US at Pearl Harbor, Americas bomb project was growing. On October 9, 1941 President Roosevelt approved research on the actual possibility of creating an Atomic Bomb. The US Government established the top secret Manhattan Project in 1942 to develop an atomic device. The leader Leslie R. Grooves and his team of 129,000 thousand specialists, worked in several different locations but mainly in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Under the direction of American physicist J. Robert Oppenhiemer they designed and tested the first atomic devices in little then four years. An atomic bomb is fueled by the splitting the nuclei of specific elements such as uranium and plutonium. The first atomic bomb, code named â€Å"Trinity†, was successfully detonated in Aamogrado, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. The energy released from the explosion was equivelent to that realesed by the detonation of 20,000 tons of TNT. An atomic explosion causes an enourmous shockwave followed instantaneously by a rapid expansion of air called the â€Å"blast†. These are roughly half the energy released by an atomic explosion. In addition to its nearly unimaginable destructive force made up of pressure waves, flash burns, and high winds, a nuclear explosion also produces deadly radiation in the form of gamma rays. On June 18, 1945, President Truman gave preliminary approval to the invasion plans presented ... Free Essays on Bombing Of Hiroshima Free Essays on Bombing Of Hiroshima In 1938 German scientists discovered how to split the nuclei of a uranium atom. Releasing nuclear energy. They feared the Hitler would use this weapon against the US. The scientists searched for a way to contact the US and warn them of the potential threat of other nations creating a nuclear weapon. They look to American-German scientist Albert Einstein, who signed a letter to president Roosevelt warning of the chaos that would be released from an nuclear attack. The letter helped initiate the first American Atomic Bomb Project. In 1941, even before Japan attacked the US at Pearl Harbor, Americas bomb project was growing. On October 9, 1941 President Roosevelt approved research on the actual possibility of creating an Atomic Bomb. The US Government established the top secret Manhattan Project in 1942 to develop an atomic device. The leader Leslie R. Grooves and his team of 129,000 thousand specialists, worked in several different locations but mainly in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Under the direction of American physicist J. Robert Oppenhiemer they designed and tested the first atomic devices in little then four years. An atomic bomb is fueled by the splitting the nuclei of specific elements such as uranium and plutonium. The first atomic bomb, code named â€Å"Trinity†, was successfully detonated in Aamogrado, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. The energy released from the explosion was equivelent to that realesed by the detonation of 20,000 tons of TNT. An atomic explosion causes an enourmous shockwave followed instantaneously by a rapid expansion of air called the â€Å"blast†. These are roughly half Hemstad 2 the energy released by an atomic explosion. In addition to its nearly unimaginable destructive force made up of pressure wave... Free Essays on Bombing Of Hiroshima In 1938 German scientists discovered how to split the nuclei of a uranium atom. Releasing nuclear energy. They feared the Hitler would use this weapon against the US. The scientists searched for a way to contact the US and warn them of the potential threat of other nations creating a nuclear weapon. They look to American-German scientist Albert Einstein, who signed a letter to president Roosevelt warning of the chaos that would be released from an nuclear attack. The letter helped initiate the first American Atomic Bomb Project. In 1941, even before Japan attacked the US at Pearl Harbor, Americas bomb project was growing. On October 9, 1941 President Roosevelt approved research on the actual possibility of creating an Atomic Bomb. The US Government established the top secret Manhattan Project in 1942 to develop an atomic device. The leader Leslie R. Grooves and his team of 129,000 thousand specialists, worked in several different locations but mainly in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Under the direction of American physicist J. Robert Oppenhiemer they designed and tested the first atomic devices in little then four years. An atomic bomb is fueled by the splitting the nuclei of specific elements such as uranium and plutonium. The first atomic bomb, code named â€Å"Trinity†, was successfully detonated in Aamogrado, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. The energy released from the explosion was equivelent to that realesed by the detonation of 20,000 tons of TNT. An atomic explosion causes an enourmous shockwave followed instantaneously by a rapid expansion of air called the â€Å"blast†. These are roughly half the energy released by an atomic explosion. In addition to its nearly unimaginable destructive force made up of pressure waves, flash burns, and high winds, a nuclear explosion also produces deadly radiation in the form of gamma rays. On June 18, 1945, President Truman gave preliminary approval to the invasion plans presented ...

Dance Your Work What Would That Look Like

Dance Your Work What Would That Look Like This week I got inspired again by a dance camp moment. A friend of mine, a photographer, approached me to say goodbye as he was leaving camp today. Before he left, he was compelled to tell me about a class where he was given the opportunity to â€Å"dance† his work. He began showing me his dance. I have done a lot of dancing in my time, but I have never danced my work. I’m willing to bet you haven’t either. Can you imagine what it would look like? I watched my friend dance. He takes photos of many women for their on line dating profiles, and he discovered through his dance that clicking the shutter is just a small part of what he does; the main dance is his connection with the person being photographed- the way he draws them out from being somewhat nervous at the beginning to shining out with their most attractive selves. I could see as he danced the joy that this process of discovery and opening gave him. He finished his dance, and it was my turn. What is the dance I do with my clients? Surprising to me, the first place I went was toward my ears. Hands cycling up toward my ears and back out, listening, taking in information, listening, always listening. Then the fingers start typing out what I’ve heard. There are pauses†¦ long periods of sitting with information, tossing it around in my mind, exploring, then a flurry of typing activity and the words flowing out into meaning and expression. I was pleased to discover that the essence of my work is listening; the dance brought me to that essence in seconds. I realize this might be a stretch, but what would happen if you danced your work? Where would the essence lie? What is at the heart of what you do each day? Perhaps it would be worth a try to discover something new through your own work/dance. So I invite you†¦ stand up†¦ close your eyes†¦ and begin.

Employment Law for Business Today and Tomorrow Research Paper

Employment Law for Business Today and Tomorrow - Research Paper Example The employment laws came into being as a result of the untiring struggle of laborers for the better working conditions, wages and their right to raise through trade unions and to present a charter of demands to the management when due. In order to strike a balance between the employers and the employees, the positive role of the trade union cannot be ignored. It is a matter of fact that without the cordial relationship between the employees and the employers, running the affairs of an organization smoothly is a big question mark (Deakin & Morris, 2005). The infrastructure of employment law around the globe is more or less the same in terms of rights and obligations of the employees and the employers. The rights and obligations of the employees and the employers are implemented through a contract of employment (Deakin & Morris, 2005). ...In many countries of the world, minimum wages of the employees are determined by their respective governments. We may cite here the example of Sweden where minimum wages are negotiated by the Collective Bargaining Agent on behalf of the employees with the management, keeping in mind the profitability of the organization/other factors. The CBA strives hard for a better deal for the benefits of workers (Deakin & Morris, 2005). Here we can mention the minimum wage laws that were introduced in different countries seriatim: USA (1938); Brazil (1940);Â  India (1948); France (1950) and last but not the least, UK (1998). Today 18 out of 25 members are part of the European Union where minimum wages for the workers are in vogue (Deakin & Morris, 2005). While looking back at the era of the Industrial Revolution, we observe that at that time workers were forced to work approximately up to 14 hours or even longer. Along with adult employment, children employment was also common with drastic features. In England, children had to work 8 hours a day in the textile factories. The Factory Act of 1802 and subsequent acts addressed the issues rela ted to children employment and the minimum working hours of an employee. According to the said act, the racial and sexual discrimination is unacceptable and considered illegal (Selwyn, 2008). The subsequent employment act, which came to surface in 1938, set a maximum of 44 hours and later on 40 hours a week. Even the immigrant workers are benefited from the mentioned act. There are areas where this act is not implemented. For instance, in the agricultural field, working hours can be spanned to 72 hours a week in the harvesting season.

Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Migration - Essay Example The two main movements are involved include immigration and emigration. Immigration would be the movement of individuals into a country. Emigration is the movement of individuals from their home country. The balance between emigration and immigration would be known as net migration and this can be either positive or negative. Positive would be when immigration exceeds emigration and negative would be the reverse of that process. There are various causes for Global woman migration including pull and push factors. Pulls would be things that attract people to other areas. In the case of Asian migration to the United States it would be considered the freedoms allowed, the diversity managed and even the lack of limitations on procreation as would be the case in China. Jobs and weather differences can also cause migration and this has occurred often in certain areas of Asia especially since the tsunami wiped out a majority of the forms of industry throughout the coastal regions of Asia. War in Afghanistan and Bosnia, known as push factors; cause a great number of people to flee to other countries. These women are considered refugees in place of immigrants. (Roopnarine & Gielen, 2005) There are many different influences and consequences relative to migration for anyone that moves from where they originated. Factors that would have to do with migration include the economic growth and development of the country that people are leaving, specifically GDP, the level of domestic development, and finally income and quality of life within the countries. Another two factors include how urbanized an area would be and variations in that consideration along with levels of education that would in fact be available for children across the country of origin in place of isolated areas. Occasionally, the amount of US influence on a country can either adversely or conversely affect the amount of migration. Brunson McKinley, Amanda Klekowski, Von Coppenfels, and Frank Laczko wrote a very interesting piece titled Challenges for the 21st Century in which they spoke of global woman migration as being "an integral part of the world we know today." (Mckinley, Von Koppenfels, and Laczko) They continue to say that migration has changed over the years to become a more transient condition, a temporary condition from country to country usually in regard to seasonal work and as a result of natural catastrophes. The worst portion of this is that illegal migration, undocumented workers from all over the world would have become far more prevalent as has been learned over the years. There have been a few positive aspects in regard to migration including raising the migrants' standard of living and the fact that they do make a contribution to the countries that have labor shortages. There would be equally intrusive negative effects including deterioration of social, political and economic conditions in those countries that are sending immigrants to the US. This is undoubtedly evident as a result of the tsunami, the earthquake and other such terrible natural disasters that have occurred. It is also seen in the war that once consumed Bosnia and also the one that is continuing in Afghanistan. 2. America use to follow a specified mode of ethical and mandatory code of conduct within family like dress code and other such variables but with the emergence of China into the

A critical review of the contemporary Art Exhibition 'The light Show' Essay

A critical review of the contemporary Art Exhibition 'The light Show' in Hayward Gallery - Essay Example The paper "A critical review of the contemporary Art Exhibition 'The light Show' in Hayward Gallery" gives a review of 'The light Show', Art Exhibition in Hayward Gallery. The ability of the art to transform space and to influence and alter perceptions through the application of modern materials that had not been polluted by the traditional art, forms the basis of the 'The light Show' in Hayward Gallery. Thus, the application of fluorescent tubes and Neon tubes struck the world in the early 1960s as the means through which the materials that had not been used before became the basis of creating an optical environment that has enabled making of the intangible materials into more tangible substance achievable. The combination of Dan Flavin’s ‘electric light art’ that applies the fluorescent tubes, with the Franà §ois Morellet’s Neon tubes and the Carlos Cruz-Diez concept of Chromosaturation installations, as well as the Bill Culbert time-based installations of light bulbs are aspects of the 'light Show' in Hayward Gallery that has made the psychological response to illumination and colour a more conceptual and sensual experience for the art audience. The Contemporary Art Exhibition Art Exhibition, 'The light Show' in Hayward Gallery forms atmospheric light installations and intangible art sculptures that the audience can go through. The light installations and the combination of the light bulbs, the Neon tubes and the fluorescent tubes enables the visitors to experience the mystery of light as a tool for art.

Violent Video Games Children

Violent Video Games Children The Effects of Violent Video Games on Children Computer video game is one of the most popular trends among children as well as young adults. From the time it was invented it has evolved into a more exciting and challenging media games of all time. The technological advancement has made it even more exciting for the players to religiously play and challenge themselves of what are the things in store for them while they are playing. The graphics and sound effects fascinate its audience, as if they are really there in the setting of the situation, especially those three dimensional computer machines which are seen mostly in computer arcades. The ability of the player to control and maneuver the situation made it more even exciting. Violent video games have been one of the most sought themes among the players. But with the increasing number of people engaged into this computer games, a lot of issues has also been raised, as to the negative effect and the benefit of these violent video games to children and young adults. This essay wi ll argue that violent video games do have a negative effect on children. Early experiments using physiological measures of arousal such as: galvanic skin response, heart rate and respiratory changes found that children are emotionally responsive to even animated television violence. The effects of violent video games on young adults arousal levels and aggressive thoughts have been measured. Results indicated that college students who had played virtual reality game had a higher heart rate and exhibited more aggressive thoughts in a post test, than those who played a non-violent game (Grossman DeGaetano 70-71). These physiologic changes stimulate the sympathetic system which creates excitement and this â€Å"good† feeling makes them to do it repeatedly. Similarly, as cited in an article in AllPsych Journal entitled, The Psychological Effects of Violent Media on Children, The Academy of Pediatrics states â€Å"More than one thousand scientific studies and reviews conclude that significant exposure to media violence increases the risk of aggressive behavior in certain children, desensitizes them to violence and makes them believe that the world is a ‘meaner and scarier place than it is† (Tompkins). According to Tompkins, if children become accustomed and believed that this violent behavior is acceptable and normal it will be hard to change that belief as they grow older. She also relates this to the study of domestic violence where in a person exposed to this violence tend to be either abused or abuser. She further explains this by citing the Columbine incident as an example, where in the two students, who committed a violent act are video fanatics. Their exposure to violence was linked to their violent act since both of them came from a good family. Moreover, â€Å"reward increases imitation† (Gentile 136). And this process of rewarding in computer games makes it more addicting because children tend to be reinforced when they are rewarded, which in psychology termed as â€Å"positive reinforcement† but this reward system in computer games defeats the true purpose of â€Å"positive reinforcement†, that good acts should be rewarded in order to reinforce the action, where as computer rewarding rewards its players after killing or defeating their opponent. Furthermore, â€Å"Participation in violent video games cast a negative cloud over the childrens views of interpersonal interactions. One research revealed that preschoolers most likely experienced fear and anxiety when they saw bloodied victims and watched expressions of emotional distress in connection with the medias constant showing of the events of September 11th and their aftermath† (Cantor, 2002). These experiences that are internalized by children, unconsciously affects their behavior, and when they are placed in situations similar to what they have seen, the child could become anxious and restless. On the contrary there are opposing reaction from different sectors regarding this matter, the president of the Interactive Software Association, Doug Lowenstein stated, â€Å"I think the issue has been vastly overblown and overstated often by politicians and others who do not fully understand, frankly this industry. There is absolutely no evidence, none, that playing a violent game leads to aggressive behavior† (qtd in Bushman Anderson 353). But how can we expect them to see the negative effect of these violent video games, well in fact what they mean is purely business. Likewise, Steven Johnson said: â€Å"The most debased forms of mass diversion-video games and violent television dramas and juvenile sitcoms-turn out to be nutritional after all (9). It is nutritional in the sense that learning comes along while playing these violent video games, such as mastery and control and hand-eye coordination. But this paper totally disagrees with this notion. There are more appropria te ways of learning these things, without jeopardizing the minds of these children of what is good and what is wrong, such as art camps, and other indoor and outdoor activities that utilizes the body, where in physical, psychological and emotional aspects are given importance, which builds friendship and the values of sportsmanship, as well as maintaining a healthy active body, which computer games dont give. Furthermore, computer video games promote isolation, aggressive behavior and a sedentary life style by sitting long hours in front of these computers. In conclusion, violent video game has a significant effect on children, not only on their behavior but also on their physiologic state as well as the emotional state especially that of a vulnerable individual. The government sector should be more critical and sensitive on how to protect its citizen with this kind of media. Parents on the other hand, who have the first hand decision whether to buy this violent video games or not, since they are responsible in giving money or buying this for their children, and what ever decision they would take they should know the consequences of the possible effects of these materials to their children. And users of this video games should be reminded that everything in excess is not good. Annotated Bibliography Anderson, Craig A., and Brad J. Bushman. Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: a Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature. Psychological Science 12.5 (2001): 353-359. Apr. 2008 Dr. Craig A. Anderson, a professor and chairman of Department of Psychology in Iowa State University. He is a distinguished professor and Director of the center for the study of violence. Most of his current researches focus on aggression especially on the potentially harmful effect of exposure to violent entertainment media. Dr. Brad J. Bushman, a professor in University of Michigan, has a PhD in social psychology in University of Missouri. His focuses are the consequences and causes of aggression. In this research, the authors used methods such as literature search literature, criteria for relevance, coding frame and meta-analytic procedures, to test if violent video games will result to increase aggression in children and young adult. They found out that after conducting the experiment using experimental and non-experimental designs, in both male and female, that it poses public health threat to children and youths including college individuals. Exposure is negatively associated w ith prosocial behavior, and the long term effect on the development of aggressive behavior is absolutely related to exposure to violent video games. This is in contrast to the study made by Tompkins in 2003, which shows no proof that signifies either negative or positive effect of media violence. It is important in this research as it illuminates the side taken by this paper. Cantor, Joanne. The Psychological Effects of Media Violence on Children and Adolescents. Joannecantor. 19 Apr. 2002. HEC  Montreal. 19 Apr. 2008 . Joanne Cantor is an expert on the effects of the mass media on youth. A Professor Emerita and Director of the Center for Communication Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is a well-known expert on children and the mass media. Joanne Cantor and her associates have conducted a program of research to explore developmental differences in media-induced fright reactions based on theories and findings in cognitive development. This study illustrates the effects of media events and images are less bothering on older children, where as other things become potentially more upsetting. This gives another highlight to the side taken by this research that there is a significant negative effect on the part of the children. Gentile, Douglas A. â€Å"Media Violence and Children: a Complete Guide for Parents and Professionals†. London: Praeger Publications, 2003. Douglas Gentile, a known developmental psychologist and a research director for the National Institute on Media and the Family. He conducts many researches about children and adult. In this book, he contends that learning comes from repetition. The fact that the violent games require violent acts to be played over and over again creates an ideal learning situation. But what the players are learning is antisocial behavior and the idea that violence is a good way to resolve conflict. He used data from other books, studies made by different authors, and other references in order to come up with a book that serves as guideline for parents and professional with regards to the effect of media violence to children. One important insight was when he said that the difference between television and computer games when it comes to the response of the individual is that violence in televisions are rarely sustained, because of commercial gaps and changing of scenes, in contrast to video games whe re violence is continuous. Where in players should always be alert for hostile enemies and must constantly choose and enact aggressive behaviors, exposing children to continual stream of violent scene. In contrast with the book of Grossman and DeGaetano, where in the authors were more subjective of the subject matter; by trying to make a call and make action on media violence, Douglas A. Gentile showed neutrality on the issue and focused more on how to guide parents and professionals decide on the issue after presenting the datas. Grossman, Dave, and Gloria Degaetano. â€Å"Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill: a Call to Action Against TV, Movie Video Game Violence†. First ed. New York: Crown, 1999. LT. Col. Dave Grossman, who is a retired US Army and a professor of military science in Arkansa State University. He is the author of On Killing: Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society, and specialized in the study of psychology of killing, which he called â€Å"killology.† Gloria DeGaetano is a known educator in the field of media violence, and the author of Screen Smarts: A Family Guide To Media Literacy. The authors, used datas from different resources: books, journals, researches of different authors, in order to come up with a book which calls for an action against T.V.., movie and video game violence The book talks about different factors as to the effect of media violence on children. They are very much concern of the negative effects of this violence in media as well as video games to children. They presented in their book the negative effects of media violence to society, that in reality there are a lot of children and teenagers engage themselves in to violent acts, and the disadvantages that this gives to the individual, their family and the society. This research used this book, because it gives a distinct description on what this paper is trying to point out, that there is significant negative effect on the childs behavior, it does not only gave comprehensive details, but the insights of the authors made it more meaningful. Johnson, Steven. Everything Bad is Good for You. Canada: Riverhead Books, 2005. Steven Johnson, who is a well-known author Mind Wide Open: Your Brain and the Neuroscience of Everyday Life, and a distinguish writer in New York, put emphasis on his book that violence on television and video games are not really bad for children. For the author, the kind of education that video games are giving is not learned in classroom situations or cannot be seen in museums. There are benefits in playing violent computer games. He wants to tell the reader that the learning in computer games enhances cognitive faculties, not dumbing them down. In his book, he made comparison between reading books and playing video games. According to him, reading books or novels enhance our imagination, while playing video games help you to choose the right decision by evaluating facts, examining situation, and by considering your long term goals. In contrast with the study made by Bushman and Anderson and that of Joanne Cantor, where in the two believed that there is significant negative effect of violent video games on children. Tompkins, Aimee. The Psychological Effects of Violent Media on Children. AllPsych Journal (2003). 20 Apr. 2008 . Aimee Tompkins used the reports of the studies made by the Academy of Pediatric Society, The National Coalition on Television violence and cited stories where in violent video game fanatics were involved in shooting incidents and killing people, in order to assess the psychological effects of violent media on children. After presenting and analyzing the studies made, the author concluded that there was no proof either positive or negative long term outcomes of violent media and that parents should pay more attention on the activities of their children. In contrast on the result of the study made by Bushman Anderson, that there is a significant effect on the behavior of children by increasing their aggression. This study was given importance in this essay because it gave another perspective on the issue discussed.

Germany Essay -- essays research papers

Germany is the fourth largest country in area in Europe, with a total area of 356,970 square kilometers (137,827 square miles). The country has a varied terrain that ranges from low-lying coastal flats along the North and Baltic seas, to a central area of rolling hills and river valleys, to heavily forested mountains and snow-covered Alps in the south. Germany has a long, complex history and rich culture, but it did not become a unified nation until 1871. Before that time, Germany had been a confederacy (1815-1867). The country has a total of 82,071,765 people (1997 estimate). Germany is overwhelmingly urban, and most people lead a prosperous, comfortable lifestyle, with adequate leisure time and comprehensive social welfare benefits. Berlin is the capital and largest city, although Bonn, which was the provisional capital of West Germany, is still home to some government offices. The principal language is German, and about 70 percent of the people are either Roman Catholic or Protestant. Germany has a very large and modern industrial economy and is a leading producer of such products as iron and steel, machinery and machine tools, and automobiles. Germany is an economic powerhouse in the European Union (EU), and its currency, the deutsche mark (DM), is among the strongest in the world. Germany ranks as the fourth largest country in Europe, after European Russia (the part of Russia west of the Ural Mountains), France, and Spain. Germany ...

Why Did Hitler Hate the Jews?

In this book the end of more than three decades of historiographical research on Nazi Germany is talked about by one of the period’s most distinguished historians. The book brings together the most important pieces of Ian Kershaw’s research on the Holocaust for the first time. The writings are arranged in three sections—Hitler and the Final Solution, popular opinion and the Jews in Nazi Germany, and the Final Solution in historiography. Vail-Ballou Press. Binghamton, New york. In this book, Anti-Semitism that spread quickly is talked about.The author, Yehuda Bauer shows how Hitler’s actions affected the Holocaust in a way that anyone could understand. Survivors of the Holocaust are also introduced in the book. History about concentration camps, the inmates of them and stories told by inmates are told to readers. Scholastic Inc. Danbury, CT. 2001. This book shows inside one of the most tragic events of history, the Holocaust. It gives you a description of t he history of the Jews, Christians and the history of Anti-Semitist. David Crowe allows you to see how Adolf Hitler was able to bend to the mind of many Germans and Nazis. 008 Westview Press. Boulder, Colorado David M. Crowe. In this journal, Hitler’s Anti-Semitism is shown through many different views. Some people have recognized Hitler’s actions against the Jews as pure evil and nothing more or less. Many see his actions as simple immoral. Whereas others believe that you could look deeper into it, as if there are deeper reasons behind Hitler’s morals. 2008. Analytic Press, Inc. Hillsdale, NJ. In this book, the top 10 choices of history to Ian Kershaw are chosen. A choice by Hitler happens to be one of them.Although it may seem as if it has little to do with his hatred for Jews, it plays a part in the war; which would tie it in with his Anti-Semitism. Hitler decides to declare war on the U. S. after the attack on Pearl Harbor and it turns the odds against him. Important decisions are told about not only Hitler but Stalin, Roosevelt and etc. 2007. The Penguin Press. New York, NY In this online passage, one would say that Hitler’s hatred for the Jews was from jealousy. He was an aspiring artist and at the time many Jewish people were getting the spotlight in the artistic field, which Hitler didn’t like.He did not want politics soiled by Jewish people and believed that an Anti-Semitist economy was best. http://www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/Holocaust/hitler. html Martin Gilbert narrates the story of Jews during the time of WWII in the form of a picture book. This book shows the good days, the bad days, the horrific days and the days where Jews were uplifted and joyful. The tragic history of the Jewish people during the Holocaust is seen through the books in picture form, allowing one to understand the record of the Jews during the 20th century. Schocken Books. New York, New York.

Critical Summary of Conflicts as Property Essay

Introduction The article I will be critically summarizing is â€Å"Conflict as Property†. It is an influential article written by the criminologist Nils Christie in the late 1970s. Throughout the entire article Christie argues â€Å"criminology to some extent has amplified a process where conflicts have been taken away from the parties directly involved and thereby have either disappeared or become other peoples property†1 This statement is what I have found to be Christies thesis in which all of his points refer back to. Christies Argument Throughout the article Christie reflects on why he believes the conflict between two parties, the victim and defendant has been â€Å"stolen† by the authorities, the state, and by professionals. Christie said that not only does the victim loose his or her say in the proceedings but is relatively thrown out of the case in which it becomes between one party and the state. He found this unsatisfying and argued that it should be given back to the initial parties involved, the victim, the defendant and the neighborhood. He says when a conflict is created that we are less capable to take on the situation and are more likely to hand it off to some one else. This is where there is a lineup of professionals willing to take the conflict from us and we are just as willing to give it away. Christie explains his notion of â€Å"conflict as property† as not referring to material compensation but rather to the ownership of the conflict itself. He then recognizes the effects of victim losing the â€Å"property† initially and puts forth a method as a remedy for this process. He proposes a new court model for dealing with conflicts in which the court is victim centered and lay-oriented. My Opinion For most of the part I agree with what Christie has to say. I believe that throughout a proceeding it should be of most importance that the victim’s situation is to be heard whether it is relevant to the law or not. Instead of letting the state or professionals take over and say what they think has the most relevance to a case the court should hear the entire story from the victims point of view. This would show the courts to what affect this act by the offender has caused in the victims life. Also they should hear out what the victim seems fit as a fair punishment or payment in forms of restitution whether it is labour or monetary to go along with the judges sentence. I think that by having the initial parties involved instead of being pushed to the side, society will be more concerned to make sure that everyone is given a fair, equal, and consistent resolution to a conflict. It would ensure that the neighborhood and state have the same set of shared values and goals that the y are working towards to support social order. Most offenders after committing crimes do not want to see the victims or their families that they affected. It is an emotional encounter in the courtroom where the offender can show his remorse and the victim(s) can show pity I think that the two types of segmentation that are observed in our highly industrialized societies are the most important factors in why we don’t have the ability to deal with conflict. The segmentation in space is how we go through our daily lives and not recognizing any of the people we see as who they are but by what they do. Secondly we segregate people based on their physical attributes such as race, gender, and sex. This segregation has many consequences on society as a whole. The most influential consequence that we experience is depersonalization as Christie said. Not having this person-to-person relationship is detrimental, especially when conflicts arise seeing as how we can’t deal with them between the parties involved. We need professionals to step in and take the roles from us, which results in us being cast aside. Conclusion â€Å"Except for execution, castration or incarceration for life, no measure has a proven minimum of efficiency compared to any other measures†2 instead of continuing with the traditional way of a legal proceeding we need to change  things. People need to be able to interact face to face and have a more personal interaction. Conflicts must be given back to the initial parties and not â€Å"stolen† by these other powers. Is it not what somebody deserves? To have a case in which they are heard. Bibliography Nils Christie, â€Å"Conflict as Property† (1977) 17:4 The British Journal of Criminology Pg. 1-15